Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the atomic hypothesis as supported by Brownian motion and Einstein's work?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are tiny particles in perpetual motion, whose existence was confirmed by the jittery movement of particles in fluids.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atoms?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are manufactured in plants and humans during pregnancy.

Question 3

Which statement about the structure of an atom is correct?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and is surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Question 4

Which element is the most abundant in the universe and consists of only one proton and one electron?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen

Question 5

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus (and electrons in a neutral atom)

Question 6

Why do the diameters of atoms generally decrease from left to right across a period in the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Because the nuclear charge increases, pulling electrons closer.

Question 7

A neutral atom of iron-56 has 26 protons and 30 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$56$$

Question 8

A nucleus with an atomic number of $$44$$ and a mass number of $$100$$ must have how many neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$56$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

Which of the following is a compound?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about molecules?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together.

Question 12

What happens when matter and antimatter meet?

Accepted Answer

They annihilate each other, releasing energy.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about dark matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dark matter is a form of matter that only interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about ions?

Accepted Answer

A positive ion has a deficiency of electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen atoms combining with iron atoms to form rust

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A substance in which the components retain their individual properties and are not chemically bonded

Question 17

Which of the following particles is the antiparticle of the electron?

Accepted Answer

Positron

Question 18

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the five most common elements in living things?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why atoms are considered ageless?

Accepted Answer

Atoms have existed since before the formation of Earth and are reused in different forms.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the arrangement of the periodic table?

Accepted Answer

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.

Chapter 11: The Atomic Nature of Matter – Study Notes

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