Q: A child’s maximum potential height is determined by their genotype, but their actual height depends on environmental factors such as nutrition. Which equation best represents this relationship?

$$\text{Genotype} + \text{Environment} = \text{Phenotype}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.

Question 2

A researcher is studying intelligence in monozygotic (MZ) twins raised apart. If the twins have similar intelligence scores, what does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence is primarily determined by genetic factors.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for halving the number of chromosomes in sex cells, ensuring genetic diversity in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

Dark hair

Question 5

A psychologist is interested in how methylation affects gene expression. What is methylation?

Accepted Answer

A chemical modification that can silence gene expression.

Question 6

Which statement best reflects the concept of neuroplasticity?

Accepted Answer

The brain can reorganize and rewire itself in response to experience and injury.

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for sending information away from the neuron’s cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with schizophrenia due to its excess?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 9

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preparing the body for fight, flight, or freeze responses

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It manufactures and releases hormones into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions.

Question 11

A child’s maximum potential height is determined by their genotype, but their actual height depends on environmental factors such as nutrition. Which equation best represents this relationship?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Genotype} + 	ext{Environment} = 	ext{Phenotype}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulating organ and gland activity

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the difference between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins share identical genetic makeup, while dizygotic twins share about 50% of their genes.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world application of CRISPR technology in biological psychology?

Accepted Answer

Editing genetic material to treat sickle cell disease

Question 15

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for the regeneration of neurons and is a focus in neuroplasticity research?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 16

If a neuron is at rest, what is the electrical charge inside the neuron compared to the outside?

Accepted Answer

Slightly negative

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can alter gene expression, and behavior can also affect gene transmission.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of intergenerational trauma?

Accepted Answer

Altered gene expression patterns that can affect behavior and mental health across generations.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why identical twins can have different personalities?

Accepted Answer

Environmental influences lead to differences in phenotype, including personality.

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step example of how biological psychology integrates genetics, environment, and behavior?

Accepted Answer

A child inherits a genetic predisposition for anxiety (genotype), experiences a stressful home environment (environment), and develops anxiety symptoms (phenotype/behavior).

Biological Psychology: Genetic and Neurological Foundations of Behaviour

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