Question 1

According to Kurt Lewin's equation, which of the following best describes the relationship between behavior, the person, and the environment?

Accepted Answer

Behavior is a function of both the person and the environment, represented by $$B = f(P, E).$$

Question 2

A university student is assigned to a group project. She notices that some group members are not contributing double-checking their work because they believe others will do it. Which psychological phenomenon does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Social loafing

Question 3

In Solomon Asch's classic conformity experiments, participants often gave incorrect answers to simple perceptual questions because confederates in the group did so. What type of social influence primarily explains this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Normative influence, because participants wanted to be accepted by the group.

Question 4

Which of the following strategies is most effective in reducing social loafing in group assignments?

Accepted Answer

Structuring tasks clearly, providing deadlines, and giving regular feedback on individual progress.

Question 5

A person believes that most people share their political opinions and values, even when evidence suggests otherwise. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

False consensus effect

Question 6

In the context of the bystander effect, what is 'diffusion of responsibility'?

Accepted Answer

The tendency for individuals to feel less responsible to act when others are present.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A person experiences discomfort after acting in a way that contradicts their beliefs, leading them to change their attitudes.

Question 8

A company wants to persuade consumers to buy a new eco-friendly product. According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), which approach would be most effective if the audience is highly motivated and has time to process information?

Accepted Answer

Presenting detailed facts and logical arguments about the product's benefits.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between stereotypes and prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about a group, while prejudice is a negative attitude toward group members.

Question 10

A political campaign uses a two-sided message, acknowledging opposing arguments before refuting them. According to research, what is a likely outcome of this strategy?

Accepted Answer

The audience will be more resistant to counterarguments and see the communicator as more honest.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the 'foot-in-the-door' technique?

Accepted Answer

Making a small request that is likely to be accepted, followed by a larger related request.

Question 12

In the Implicit Associations Test (IAT), participants are typically faster to associate 'White' faces with positive words and 'Black' faces with negative words. What does this finding suggest?

Accepted Answer

Implicit biases can exist even when explicit attitudes are egalitarian.

Question 13

Which of the sighted scenarios best illustrates the concept of groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A group of engineers ignores safety concerns to meet a project deadline, leading to a disastrous outcome.

Question 14

A person explains their own failure on an exam by blaming the difficulty of the test, but attributes a classmate's failure to laziness. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias and fundamental attribution error

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential danger of benevolent stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

They can restrict behavior and reinforce traditional roles, even if they seem positive.

Question 16

According to construal-level theory, which message would be most effective in motivating people to take immediate action on climate change?

Accepted Answer

Sharing a personal story about a local family affected by flooding this year.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for effective communication using the central route of persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Relying solely on the communicator's attractiveness and status.

Question 18

A person unconsciously mimics the posture and gestures of someone they are talking to. According to social psychology, what is the likely effect of this mimicry?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a 'social glue,' increasing rapport and validation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why people are more likely to help in emergencies when they are the only bystander?

Accepted Answer

They feel a greater sense of personal responsibility.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the attitude–behaviour feedback loop is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Behavior and attitudes influence each other in a self-reinforcing cycle.

Chapter 13: Social Psychology – Structured Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard