Question 1

Which stage of sleep is most associated with vivid dreaming and rapid eye movements?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 2

During which sleep stage do delta waves, characterized by a frequency of $$1-2$$ cycles per second, predominantly occur?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3/4 sleep (slow wave sleep)

Question 3

A patient reports experiencing hypnagogic images and myoclonic jerks (feeling like falling) as they are falling asleep. Which sleep stage are they most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 sleep

Question 4

Which of the following is a primary function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the biological clock and circadian rhythms

Question 5

According to the recuperation theory of sleep, what is the main reason we need sleep?

Accepted Answer

To restore homeostasis and repair energy levels

Question 6

A person is woken up repeatedly during REM sleep. According to REM deprivation studies, what is a likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

They will have a greater tendency to initiate REM sleep and experience REM rebound

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

Dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep

Question 8

Which sleep disorder is characterized by sudden daytime sleep episodes and loss of muscle tone during wakefulness?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 9

A person who consumes alcohol to reduce anxiety, according to the tension reduction hypothesis, is most likely motivated by which psychological principle?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

High amplitude, low frequency EEG

Question 11

Which of the following statements about drug tolerance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Repeated exposure to a drug can produce tolerance to some effects but not others

Question 12

A person who is physically dependent on a drug will most likely experience withdrawal symptoms when:

Accepted Answer

They suddenly stop taking the drug

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is classified as a powerful natural stimulant and is associated with effects such as euphoria, increased mental capacity, and decreased hunger?

Accepted Answer

Cocaine

Question 14

According to Freud's dream protection theory, what is the difference between manifest and latent content?

Accepted Answer

Manifest content is the actual dream as experienced; latent content is the hidden psychological meaning

Question 15

Which of the following is a common effect of chronic sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive impairment and attention deficits

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the effects of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

It can increase alertness and improve focus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'contingent drug tolerance'?

Accepted Answer

Tolerance develops only to drug effects that are actually experienced

Question 18

Which of the following is a key criticism of the moral model of addiction?

Accepted Answer

It oversimplifies addiction by attributing it to low moral standards

Question 19

Which of the following statements about LSD is correct?

Accepted Answer

LSD can produce synesthesia and clear thoughts

Question 20

A person is experiencing sleep apnea. Which of the following symptoms are they most likely to report?

Accepted Answer

Snoring, gasping, and repeated stops in breathing during sleep

Chapter 5: Consciousness, Sleep, and Psychoactive Drugs – Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard