Question 1

Which device is primarily used to measure brain electrical activity during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 2

During which stage of sleep do sleep spindles, brief bursts of higher-frequency brain waves, typically occur?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2

Question 3

A patient reports vivid dreams and temporary body paralysis during sleep. Which sleep stage are they most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is NOT directly mentioned as involved in the neural bases of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 5

According to the activation-synthesis model by Hobson and McCarley, what is the primary cause of dreams?

Accepted Answer

Bursts of neural activity that the cortex tries to make sense of

Question 6

Which sleep disorder is characterized by uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 7

If a researcher selectively deprives subjects of REM sleep, what phenomenon is most likely to occur when normal sleep resumes?

Accepted Answer

REM rebound effect

Question 8

Which hypothesis about sleep suggests that sleep evolved to conserve energy in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis 1

Question 9

A 70-year-old adult reports sleeping less each night but does not feel sleepy during the day. This trend is best explained by which age-related change in sleep?

Accepted Answer

Older adults sleep less but report less daytime sleepiness

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of chronic sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Impaired attention and decision making

Question 11

Which sleep disorder involves acting out dreams due to a lack of normal paralysis during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)

Question 12

Which stage of sleep is most associated with memory consolidation and problem-solving?

Accepted Answer

REM and slow-wave sleep

Question 13

A person experiences intense arousal and panic during sleep but does not recall a dream upon waking. Which sleep disorder is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Night terrors

Question 14

Which brain structure is NOT directly listed as part of the neural bases of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 15

If a newborn sleeps 6-8 times in 24 hours and spends 50% of sleep in REM, how many hours of REM sleep do they get if they sleep 16 hours total?

Accepted Answer

$$16 	imes 0.5 = 8$$ hours

Question 16

Which of the following best describes lucid dreaming?

Accepted Answer

Being aware that you are dreaming while asleep

Question 17

According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream refers to:

Accepted Answer

The surface-level plot of the dream

Question 18

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be triggered by stress, disruptions, genetics, or medication?

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism (sleepwalking)

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for why sleep evolved, according to the provided hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

Sleep reduces danger by immobilizing the organism

Question 20

If an adult spends 20% of their sleep time in REM and sleeps 7 hours per night, how many hours do they spend in REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

$$7 	imes 0.2 = 1.4$$ hours

Chapter 5: Sleep and Dreams – Study Notes for Introductory Psychology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard