Question 1

Which of the following best describes classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s experiment, what was the neutral stimulus (NS) before conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The sound of the bell

Question 3

Which process describes the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency?

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 4

A child who was conditioned to fear a white rabbit also begins to fear white cotton balls. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'renewal effect' in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response returns when the subject is placed in the environment where acquisition originally took place, after extinction occurred elsewhere.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A student studies harder after receiving praise for good grades.

Question 7

According to Thorndike’s Law of Effect, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Behaviours followed by satisfying effects are more likely to occur again.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Removing a loud noise when a rat presses a lever.

Question 9

A rat receives a food pellet after every tenth lever press. What type of reinforcement schedule is this?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 10

Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 11

In the context of conditioned taste aversion, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Taste aversion can occur after just one pairing of food and nausea.

Question 12

Which concept explains why a child who is punished for misbehaving may develop anxiety that interferes with future learning?

Accepted Answer

Disadvantages of punishment

Question 13

A dog learns to run away when a light dims because it predicts a shock. The dimming light is acting as:

Accepted Answer

A discriminative stimulus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Premack Principle?

Accepted Answer

Using a more frequently performed behaviour to reinforce a less frequently performed behaviour.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a basic process in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 16

Which statement about implicit learning is correct?

Accepted Answer

Implicit learning occurs largely independent of awareness.

Question 17

A rat in a maze learns the location of food without reinforcement, but only shows this knowledge when there is something to gain. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Latent learning

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates only to a specific bell and not to other similar sounds.

Question 19

Which theory challenges the radical behaviourist view that all learning occurs through trial and error?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive models of learning

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between response rate ($$R) $$and reinforcement schedule ($$S) in $$operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$R$$ increases as $$S$$ becomes more variable, especially in variable ratio schedules.

Chapter 6: Learning – Classical and Operant Conditioning, Cognitive and Biological Models

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard