Question 1

According to Piaget, which process involves modifying existing schemes as a result of new experiences, allowing children to deal with completely new data?

Accepted Answer

Accommodation

Question 2

A child who believes that the sun is alive because it 'follows' them home is demonstrating which preoperational characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Animism

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'equilibration' in Piaget's theory?

Accepted Answer

The balance between assimilation and accommodation, leading to reorganized or replaced schemes

Question 4

During which of Piaget's stages do children begin to use symbols and anticipate consequences of actions, rather than needing to experience them directly?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor period

Question 5

A preschooler is shown two identical glasses of juice. The juice from one glass is poured into a taller, thinner glass. The child insists the taller glass has more juice. This error is best explained by which Piagetian concept?

Accepted Answer

Centration

Question 6

Which criticism of Piaget's theory is supported by research showing that infants can understand object permanence earlier than he proposed?

Accepted Answer

He underestimated infants’ cognitive abilities

Question 7

According to the information-processing approach, what is the difference between mental hardware and mental software?

Accepted Answer

Mental hardware refers to neural and mental structures; mental software refers to mental programs for specific tasks

Question 8

Which learning process is illustrated when a child stops giving flowers to a classmate after being teased, making the behavior less likely to occur in the future?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning (punishment)

Question 9

A parent helps a child solve a puzzle by giving hints and gradually reducing assistance as the child becomes more competent. This teaching method is known as:

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding

Question 10

Which principle of number learning states that each object must be counted once and only once?

Accepted Answer

One-to-one principle

Question 11

A child who uses the word 'dog' to refer only to their own pet, but not to other dogs, is demonstrating which type of naming error?

Accepted Answer

Underextension

Question 12

Which of the following is a key feature of infant-directed speech that helps infants perceive fundamental sounds?

Accepted Answer

It is slower, with greater variation in pitch and loudness

Question 13

According to Vygotsky, what is the 'zone of proximal development'?

Accepted Answer

The difference between what children can do with or without assistance

Question 14

Which of the following best describes 'private speech' in Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

Audible self-talk used to guide and regulate behavior, later internalized as inner speech

Question 15

A bilingual child is likely to have which of the following advantages compared to a monolingual child?

Accepted Answer

Better ability to inhibit inappropriate responses

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for improving the accuracy of preschoolers as eyewitnesses?

Accepted Answer

Using nonverbal cues to prompt answers

Question 17

Which style of word learning is characterized by vocabularies consisting mainly of words naming objects, persons, or actions, with few social interaction words?

Accepted Answer

Referential style

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'fast mapping' in language development?

Accepted Answer

A child rapidly connects a new word to its exact referent after only one exposure

Question 19

Which of the following is a major milestone in language development that typically occurs around 18 months?

Accepted Answer

Two- and three-word sentences based on simple formulas

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why children’s autobiographical memories are richer when parents talk about past events?

Accepted Answer

It helps the child develop a sense of self and organize memories

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood: Piaget’s Theory and Beyond

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