Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning involves learning through association between stimuli, while operant conditioning involves learning through consequences of behavior.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. She randomly assigns participants to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group and measures their recall scores. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The sleep condition (deprivation vs. control)

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is often linked to depression when levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, at which stage do children begin to understand the concept of conservation?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 5

A patient with damage to Broca’s area is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing fluent speech

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'confirmation bias'?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your beliefs and only seeking information that supports them

Question 7

A psychologist is using a double-blind procedure in her experiment. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group the participants are in

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Removing chores when a child gets good grades

Question 9

If a test consistently yields similar results over repeated administrations but does not measure what it is supposed to measure, the test is said to be:

Accepted Answer

Reliable but not valid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It insulates axons and speeds up neural impulses

Question 11

A person who believes that their fate is determined by their own actions rather than external circumstances is said to have:

Accepted Answer

An internal locus of control

Question 12

Which of the following is a key feature of the experimental method in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships

Question 13

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient of $$ r = -0.85 $$ between hours spent watching TV and exam scores. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

A strong negative relationship: more TV leads to lower scores

Question 14

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic perspective

Question 15

A student is able to recall information better when studying in the same room where the exam will be held. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Context-dependent memory

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the mean of a set of scores $$ x_1$, x_2$, ..., x_n $$?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i}{n} $$

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'learned helplessness'?

Accepted Answer

A person who gives up trying after experiencing repeated uncontrollable negative events

Question 18

Which schedule of reinforcement is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 19

A person is shown a list of words and later asked to recall them. They remember the first few and last few words best. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

Serial position effect

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a projective test in personality assessment?

Accepted Answer

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Comprehensive Study Notes for Introduction to Psychology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard