Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of a 'developmental psychologist'?

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who studies how and why human beings change over the course of their life.

Question 2

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the development of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 3

A child is able to solve a puzzle with the help of an adult but cannot do so alone. According to Vygotsky, this scenario best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The Zone of Proximal Development

Question 4

Which attachment style did Mary Ainsworth identify as characterized by children who are distressed when their caregiver leaves but are not comforted upon return?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent (anxious-resistant) attachment

Question 5

Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development suggests that the primary challenge for adolescents is:

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. role confusion

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates Kohlberg’s postconventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

An adult breaks a law to protest injustice, believing in universal ethical principles.

Question 7

Which term refers to the biological classification of male and female, as opposed to the social roles and behaviors associated with them?

Accepted Answer

Sex

Question 8

A transgender individual is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Someone who identifies with a gender different from their biological sex.

Question 9

Which of the following is a common misconception about sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Sexual orientation can be changed through therapy or willpower.

Question 10

According to the research on adolescent sexuality, which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents who receive comprehensive sex education are less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate situational factors when explaining others’ behavior.

Question 12

In the Stanford Prison Study, what psychological concept was most clearly demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

The power of social roles and situational factors in shaping behavior.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the 'foot-in-the-door' technique?

Accepted Answer

A friend asks you to sign a petition, and later asks you to volunteer for the cause.

Question 14

In Milgram’s obedience study, which factor was found to increase obedience to authority?

Accepted Answer

Physical proximity of the authority figure.

Question 15

Which of the following best defines 'prejudice'?

Accepted Answer

A negative attitude toward a group based on stereotypes.

Question 16

A student witnesses a classmate being bullied but does not intervene, assuming someone else will help. This scenario best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect

Question 17

Which equation best represents the concept of 'temporal punishment' in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$R \rightarrow S^-$$

Question 18

According to Bandura’s social learning theory, which process is most important for learning aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 19

Which of the following is a key finding from the 'black doll/white doll' study regarding implicit bias?

Accepted Answer

Children showed a preference for the white doll, indicating internalized societal bias.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is the result of blocked goals leading to frustration.

Developmental and Social Psychology: Study Guide Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard