Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'attachment' in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

A positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular, special individual.

Question 2

According to Harlow's research with monkeys, what factor was most influential in the formation of attachment?

Accepted Answer

The softness and comfort provided by the caregiver.

Question 3

Bowlby’s theory of attachment emphasizes the importance of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A qualitatively unique relationship with an individual who best provides safety.

Question 4

Which hormone is most closely associated with adults’ biological preparedness for caregiving?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 5

What is an 'internal working model' in attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

A cognitive representation of oneself and others that guides social information processing and behavior in relationships.

Question 6

In Ainsworth’s Strange Situation, which attachment style is characterized by the infant being immediately comforted and stopping crying upon the caregiver’s return?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a recognized attachment style in Ainsworth’s Strange Situation?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Question 8

Separation anxiety in infants typically peaks at what age?

Accepted Answer

Around 14 months

Question 9

Which caregiver behavior is most likely to promote secure attachment in infants?

Accepted Answer

Responding rapidly and positively to cues

Question 10

Which statement best reflects the role of fathers in attachment formation?

Accepted Answer

Expressions of nurturance, warmth, and support from fathers are extremely important to infant emotional and social well-being.

Question 11

Research on institutionalized children shows that those adopted before one year of age:

Accepted Answer

Have a good chance of becoming as securely attached to their caregivers as non-institutionalized children.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the NICHD study of early child care is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Quality of parenting was a much stronger influence on attachment than type of care.

Question 13

Which temperament profile describes infants who are inactive, show relatively calm reactions, and adapt slowly to new situations?

Accepted Answer

Slow-to-warm babies

Question 14

Which parenting style is characterized by high warmth/responsiveness and high demandingness/control?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting

Question 15

According to research, which of the following is a consequence of secure parent-child attachment in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Greater social competence

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why separation anxiety may have survival value for humans?

Accepted Answer

It keeps infants close to caregivers, reducing risk of harm.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding cultural differences in attachment?

Accepted Answer

Certain attachment patterns are more likely among infants of particular cultures.

Question 18

Which formula best represents the relationship between parenting style dimensions?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Parenting Style} = f(	ext{Warmth/Responsiveness}, 	ext{Demandingness/Control})$$

Question 19

If an infant is described as having a regular sleeping and eating schedule, moderate emotional intensity, and curiosity about new situations, which temperament profile does this best fit?

Accepted Answer

Easy baby

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible outcome for an adult who had a secure attachment style in infancy, according to Simpson et al. (2007)?

Accepted Answer

Emotionally positive romantic relationships in early adulthood

Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships: Attachment Theory, Temperament, and Parenting Styles

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