Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Using empirical evidence and systematic observation to test hypotheses.

Question 2

A psychologist is conducting a study on the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. She ensures that her methods and results are fully disclosed so other researchers can repeat her experiment. Which scientific principle is she demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Replicability

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A product that uses scientific-sounding language but does not follow the scientific method.

Question 4

What is the main difference between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists?

Accepted Answer

Psychiatrists attend medical school and can prescribe medication, while clinical psychologists cannot.

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'falsifiability' in scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A claim that can be tested and shown to be false if evidence contradicts it.

Question 6

A friend tells you that wearing a certain crystal will improve your memory because it 'balances your brain energy.' Which warning sign of pseudoscience does this claim most likely exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Overreliance on anecdotes

Question 7

According to the study materials, what is 'naive realism'?

Accepted Answer

The belief that we see the world exactly as it is.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main characteristics of science listed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on authority

Question 9

A researcher claims that a new therapy is effective because 'no one has ever proven it false.' Why is this reasoning problematic according to scientific principles?

Accepted Answer

It fails the criterion of falsifiability.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the principle of parsimony (Occam's razor) in scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

The simplest explanation that accounts for all the facts is preferred.

Question 11

A study finds a correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

Accepted Answer

There is an association, but correlation does not imply causation.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of 'confirmation bias'?

Accepted Answer

Seeking out evidence that supports your beliefs and ignoring evidence that contradicts them.

Question 13

Which level of analysis in psychology focuses on the influence of society and culture on an individual's thoughts, actions, and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Social-cultural

Question 14

A claim is made that a new supplement improves memory, but the only evidence provided is a series of personal stories from users. Which scientific principle is being violated?

Accepted Answer

Reliance on empirical evidence

Question 15

Which of the following is a key reason why scientific skepticism is important in psychology?

Accepted Answer

It helps prevent the acceptance of false or untested claims.

Question 16

A psychologist is careful to consider alternative explanations for her findings before drawing conclusions. Which scientific thinking principle is she applying?

Accepted Answer

Ruling out rival hypotheses

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'intuition' and 'scientific wisdom' as ways of knowing?

Accepted Answer

Intuition is based on instinctive feelings, while scientific wisdom relies on empirical data.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a harm of using treatments that do not work, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Receiving more effective treatments

Question 19

A researcher claims that her new therapy is effective because 'it worked for my cousin and several friends.' Which warning sign of pseudoscience is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Overreliance on anecdotes

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of 'extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence'?

Accepted Answer

A claim that a new drug cures all forms of cancer should be supported by extensive, high-quality research.

Chapter 1 Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard