Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between fluid intelligence ($$G_f) $$and crystallized intelligence ($$G_c$$)?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence ($$G_f) is $$the ability to reason and solve new problems independent of prior knowledge, while crystallized intelligence ($$G_c) $$draws upon past learning and experience.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effects of a new teaching method on intelligence scores. She tests a group of 10-year-olds, 15-year-olds, and 20-year-olds at the same time. Which research design is she using, and what is a major limitation of this approach?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional design; results may be confounded by cohort effects.

Question 3

According to Piaget's theory, which cognitive ability is first developed during the concrete operational stage (ages 7-11)?

Accepted Answer

Logical thinking and manipulating numbers

Question 4

A child is shown two identical glasses of water. The water from one glass is poured into a taller, thinner glass. The child says the taller glass has more water. According to Piaget, which concept does the child not yet understand?

Accepted Answer

Conservation

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A student performs poorly on a math test after being reminded of negative stereotypes about their gender's math ability.

Question 6

Which theory of intelligence suggests that intelligence is composed of several independent domains, such as linguistic, musical, and spatial abilities?

Accepted Answer

Multiple intelligences theory

Question 7

A psychologist removes a specific gene in mice to study its effect on learning ability. This method is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gene knockout study

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Flynn effect?

Accepted Answer

The steady population-level increase in intelligence scores over time

Question 9

A mother increases her caloric intake by 20% and adds more protein to her diet during pregnancy. According to developmental psychology, why is this important?

Accepted Answer

It creates a chemically ideal environment for healthy fetal development.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumed during pregnancy

Question 11

A teacher provides just enough guidance to help a student solve a problem that is slightly beyond their current ability. This teaching method is known as:

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding

Question 12

Which stage of Piaget's cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically?

Accepted Answer

Formal operational stage

Question 13

According to self-determination theory, which factor most strongly influences an individual's ability to achieve their goals?

Accepted Answer

The degree to which they are in control of the behaviours necessary

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of allostasis?

Accepted Answer

A person eats a large meal because they anticipate not eating for several hours.

Question 15

A person who is internally motivated to master a new skill, regardless of external rewards, is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Mastery motive

Question 16

Which theory of emotion states that our physiological reactions to stimuli precede and cause our emotional experiences?

Accepted Answer

James-Lange theory

Question 17

A researcher finds that older adults tend to focus on positive experiences and avoid negative ones. Which theory explains this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating basic biological needs and motivational systems

Question 19

A person feels negative emotions after violating cultural standards of sexual behaviour. This is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Sex guilt

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of synaptic pruning?

Accepted Answer

The loss of weak cellular connections in the brain

Intelligence, Lifespan Development, and Motivation & Emotion: Study Notes for Psychology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard