Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

A nucleotide in DNA consists of which three components?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding autosomes and allosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes are chromosomes 1-22, while allosomes are the sex chromosomes (X and Y).

Question 4

A male at birth (AMAB) typically has which combination of sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

XY

Question 5

Which process results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 6

If a child inherits one dominant allele (B) for brown eyes and one recessive allele (b) for blue eyes, what is the child's genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: Bb; Phenotype: brown eyes

Question 7

Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a recessive allele and often skips generations?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 8

Why are X-linked recessive disorders more commonly seen in genetically male individuals?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will cause the disorder.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal numerical mutation?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Question 10

During DNA replication, which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference in hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous base pairs in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A$$ pairs with $$T$$ via 2 hydrogen bonds; $$G$$ pairs with $$C$$ via 3 hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 13

A person with the genotype $$bb$$ for eye color has blue eyes. If both parents are heterozygous ($$Bb$$), what is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomes

Question 15

Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Turner syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Monosomy X ($$X0)$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A basic physical and functional unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA at a specific location on a chromosome

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a chromosomal structural mutation?

Accepted Answer

Deletion of a chromosome segment

Question 18

Which process involves the conversion of DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 19

A genetic counselor is most likely to help families with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Guidance regarding inherited genetic conditions

Question 20

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele exerts its effect when present on at least one chromosome of the pair.

Introduction to Genetics: Foundations for Psychology and Health Sciences

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