Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the 'predict' goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A scientist uses previous research to forecast that students who study with spaced repetition will score higher on the next test.

Question 2

Which of the following is a warning sign of pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

The explanation relies heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than systematic research.

Question 3

A researcher wants to test the hypothesis: 'If students listen to classical music while studying, then their test scores will improve.' In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

Listening to classical music while studying

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a case study?

Accepted Answer

A research method that examines one individual or a small group in depth.

Question 5

In a correlational study, a researcher finds $$r = -0.85$$ between hours spent watching TV and GPA. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between TV watching and GPA.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes an action potential from a graded potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

An action potential is an all-or-nothing electrical signal that travels down the axon, while a graded potential is a variable change in membrane potential that occurs in the dendrites or cell body.

Question 7

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 8

In classical conditioning, which of the following is an example of a conditioned response (CR)?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food.

Question 9

A child is given a timeout (removal of playtime) after hitting a sibling, and as a result, the child stops hitting. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment

Question 10

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of generalization in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to fear all dogs after being bitten by one dog.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A child receives candy for cleaning their room, and cleaning increases.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned response decreases when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS.

Question 13

A researcher wants to study the effect of caffeine on memory. She randomly assigns participants to drink either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee, then measures their recall of a word list. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experimental study

Question 14

Which of the following is a key warning sign that a claim is pseudoscientific?

Accepted Answer

The claim lacks self-correction and does not change in response to new evidence.

Question 15

According to the Seven Sins of Memory, which sin involves confusing the source of a memory?

Accepted Answer

Misattribution

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student studies to avoid getting a bad grade, and studying increases.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It speeds up the transmission of action potentials along the axon.

Question 18

A researcher wants to ensure that her sample represents the population as closely as possible. Which sampling method should she use?

Accepted Answer

Random sampling

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of discrimination in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates only to the sound of a specific bell, not to other similar sounds.

Introduction to Psychology: Midterm Study Guide Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard