Question 1

Which of the following best describes a phoneme in language development?

Accepted Answer

A category of sound produced by our vocal apparatus.

Question 2

A child says, 'He runned fast' instead of 'He ran fast.' This is an example of which language development phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Overgeneralization

Question 3

According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (linguistic relativity), which of the following is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The language we speak influences how we think, understand, and perceive the world.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Judging the likelihood of shark attacks as high after seeing news reports about them.

Question 5

A judge gives a harsher sentence after the prosecutor recommends a long sentence. This is an example of which heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Question 6

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Jury members may judge a defendant’s guilt based on how much they fit a criminal stereotype.

Question 7

What is the main difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

Algorithms are rule-based and guarantee a solution, while heuristics are shortcuts that do not guarantee a solution.

Question 8

A person continues to believe a claim even after being shown strong evidence against it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the critical period hypothesis in language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

There is a window early in life when language acquisition is most effective.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of framing in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Preferring a surgery with a '90% survival rate' over one with a '10% mortality rate,' even though they are statistically identical.

Question 11

A child who says 'up' or 'mama' is most likely in which stage of language development?

Accepted Answer

Single-word stage

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of functional fixedness?

Accepted Answer

Failing to realize a shoe could be used as a hammer because you only see it as footwear.

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential downside of heuristics?

Accepted Answer

They can lead to costly errors and reinforce stereotypes.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the 'Monday Morning Quarterback' phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A person who criticizes a coach’s decision after the game is over.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Question 16

A consumer who evaluates every possible option before making a purchase is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

Maximizer

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A doctor only notices symptoms that support their initial diagnosis and ignores contradictory evidence.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the interactionist approach to language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

Children are pre-programmed with hardware but develop language through exposure and environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic leading to a base rate fallacy?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring the actual probability of a disease when diagnosing a patient because the symptoms fit a stereotype.

Question 20

Which of the following best illustrates the paradox of choice?

Accepted Answer

Having too many options can decrease satisfaction and make decision-making harder.

Language, Thinking, and Reasoning: Structured Study Notes for Psychology Students

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