$$CS \rightarrow \text{No CR}$$

Question 1

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, which of the following best describes the role of the metronome before conditioning occurs?

Accepted Answer

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Question 2

Which process in classical conditioning is demonstrated when a previously extinguished conditioned response reappears after a rest period?

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 3

In the Little Albert experiment, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS) that led to the conditioned fear response?

Accepted Answer

White rat

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates operant conditioning in a real-world scenario?

Accepted Answer

A student studies harder after receiving praise for good grades.

Question 5

What is the main difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus, negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus.

Question 6

A rat presses a lever to avoid receiving a mild shock. This is an example of which type of operant conditioning process?

Accepted Answer

Escape learning

Question 7

Which reinforcement schedule is most likely to produce a steady, high rate of responding with little pause after reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 8

In classical conditioning, what is the formula for acquisition phase?

Accepted Answer

$$NS + US \rightarrow UR$$

Question 9

A student receives a detention for being late to class. This is an example of which operant conditioning principle?

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment

Question 10

Which process in operant conditioning involves learning to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to similar stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Question 11

If a behavior is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus, which type of consequence is this?

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 12

Which of the following best describes extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The CR decreases when the CS is no longer paired with the US.

Question 13

A teacher gives extra credit to students who turn in assignments early. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A child cleans their room to avoid being scolded.

Question 15

In operant conditioning, what is the role of a discriminative stimulus?

Accepted Answer

It signals whether a response will be reinforced.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes generalization in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Responding to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.

Question 17

A slot machine pays out after a random number of lever pulls. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 18

Which equation best represents the process of extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$CS ightarrow 	ext{No CR}$$

Question 19

A parent takes away a teenager's phone for missing curfew. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment

Question 20

Which of the following is most likely to result in rapid extinction of a learned behavior?

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement

Learning: Classical and Operant Conditioning

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