Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes between a reflex and an instinct?

Accepted Answer

A reflex is an automatic, involuntary response to a specific stimulus, while an instinct is a more complex, innate drive involving the whole organism.

Question 2

Which scenario best illustrates the process of habituation?

Accepted Answer

A child becomes less startled by the sound of a train passing by their house after hearing it every night.

Question 3

In classical conditioning, what is the role of the neutral stimulus (NS)?

Accepted Answer

It is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to eventually elicit a conditioned response (CR).

Question 4

Which of the following best describes stimulus generalization?

Accepted Answer

Responding to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus.

Question 5

A patient undergoing chemotherapy develops an aversion to a specific food eaten before treatment, but not to other foods or people present. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus discrimination and biological preparedness.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A car stops beeping when the driver fastens their seatbelt.

Question 7

According to the law of effect, which outcome is most likely to increase the frequency of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

The behavior is followed by a reward.

Question 8

Which reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 9

A factory worker is paid for every 10 items produced. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why superstitious behavior develops, according to Skinner's research?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors are reinforced by coincidence, leading the individual to believe their actions caused the outcome.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

Accepted Answer

A rat learns a maze but only demonstrates its knowledge when food is introduced as a reward.

Question 12

Observational learning requires all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Immediate reinforcement after observing the behavior

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential negative effect of punishment as a behavior modification technique?

Accepted Answer

It may encourage subversive or sneaky behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A child only fears the sound of the school fire alarm, not the alarm clock.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of biological preparedness in learning?

Accepted Answer

A person quickly develops a fear of snakes but not of cars.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

A teacher adds extra homework when students talk in class.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the renewal effect in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A conditioned response reappears when the subject is returned to the original environment.

Question 18

A person checks their phone at unpredictable times for new messages. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Variable interval

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of observational learning leading to implicit attitude change?

Accepted Answer

A child develops a bias against a social group after watching a parent interact negatively with its members.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a likely effect of repeated exposure to media violence, according to research?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to real-life violence

Learning: Principles, Processes, and Applications in Psychology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard