Question 1

Which of the following best describes a major weakness of cross-sectional research designs in developmental psychology?

Accepted Answer

They are prone to cohort effects, which can confound developmental differences with historical differences.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study how reasoning skills change from childhood to adulthood. She follows the same group of participants from age 5 to age 25, testing them every five years. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal design

Question 3

During which prenatal stage do major physical structures such as the heart, nervous system, arms, and legs begin to develop?

Accepted Answer

Embryonic stage

Question 4

A pregnant woman is advised to increase her caloric intake by 20% and ensure she consumes enough protein, omega-3 fatty acids, folic acid, and calcium. What is the primary reason for these recommendations?

Accepted Answer

To support optimal fetal brain and physical development

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effects of teratogens on fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide exposure can cause severe birth defects such as phocomelia.

Question 6

A newborn is found to have persistent reflexes beyond seven months of age. What might this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Potential neural developmental issues

Question 7

Which process describes the loss of weak nerve cell connections in the brain, leading to increased neural efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning

Question 8

According to Piaget, which cognitive milestone is achieved during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Question 9

A child is shown two identical glasses of juice. The juice from one glass is poured into a taller, narrower glass. The child insists the taller glass has more juice. According to Piaget, this child is most likely in which stage?

Accepted Answer

Preoperational stage

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of scaffolding in cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A teacher provides guidance tailored to a child's current skill level, gradually reducing help as the child becomes more competent.

Question 11

Harry Harlow’s research with infant rhesus monkeys demonstrated that attachment is primarily based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The need for security and physical comfort

Question 12

Which attachment style is characterized by a child who is clingy, very upset when the caregiver leaves, fearful of strangers, and both seeks and resists comfort upon the caregiver’s return?

Accepted Answer

Anxious/ambivalent attachment

Question 13

A parent uses inductive discipline by explaining the consequences of a child’s actions and encouraging empathy. What is a likely long-term outcome for the child?

Accepted Answer

The child will develop self-control and internalize moral values.

Question 14

A child is shown a box labeled 'chocolates' that actually contains pencils. When asked what another person will expect to find in the box, the child says 'pencils.' What does this response indicate about the child’s cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The child is still egocentric and cannot take another’s perspective.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the impact of early social deprivation, as seen in studies of Romanian orphans?

Accepted Answer

Children exhibit cognitive deficits, attention problems, and disinhibited attachment.

Question 16

During adolescence, which brain region is still developing and is crucial for impulse control and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 17

According to Kohlberg’s theory, which stage of moral reasoning is characterized by decisions based on abstract principles of justice and rights?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional morality

Question 18

An adolescent is offered drugs at a party but refuses, stating, 'My parents taught me that using drugs is wrong, and I want to live by those values.' According to Kohlberg, which category of moral reasoning does this response best represent?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional

Question 19

Which of the following is a key finding from research on adolescent risk-taking and brain development?

Accepted Answer

Peer presence reduces frontal lobe activity and increases the likelihood of risky behavior.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes fluid intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Problem-solving, reasoning, and mental flexibility

Lifespan Development: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Changes from Conception to Old Age

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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