Question 1

Which neural component is primarily responsible for transmitting electrical signals away from the neuron's cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences erratic neural signals. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with pleasure, reward, and voluntary movement?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 4

What is the primary function of the reticular activating system?

Accepted Answer

Regulating sleep and wakefulness

Question 5

Which equation best represents the movement of ions during the repolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{K^+}$$ flows out$

Question 6

A drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin would most likely be classified as:

Accepted Answer

An agonist

Question 7

Which brain region is most involved in forming new long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 8

Damage to which lobe would most likely result in difficulty recognizing faces (prosopagnosia)?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory and associated with anxiety reduction?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 10

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely experience which deficit?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing speech

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Provide structural support and produce myelin

Question 12

Which brain imaging technique is most useful for measuring changes in blood flow to different brain regions?

Accepted Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Question 13

Which hemisphere of the brain is typically associated with fine-tuned language skills such as speech comprehension and reading?

Accepted Answer

Left hemisphere

Question 14

A person who has undergone split brain surgery may have difficulty:

Accepted Answer

Coordinating actions between the two hemispheres

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of neural plasticity?

Accepted Answer

Changes in hippocampal structure in Holocaust survivors

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is most likely to be increased by caffeine, leading to greater brain activity?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 17

If the brain were a company, which part would be considered the CEO?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal cortex

Question 18

Which process describes the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft by being taken back into the presynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

Reuptake

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why people with psychopathic traits may show reduced empathy?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal or reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex

Question 20

Which equation best represents the electrical potential inside a neuron at rest?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{rest} \approx -70\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Neurons, Neurotransmission, and Brain Structure: Study Notes for Psychology

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