Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

Nomothetic approaches seek general principles in nature, while idiographic approaches focus on the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experiences of individuals.

Question 2

According to behavioural genetics, which factor plays the LEAST role in shaping adult personality?

Accepted Answer

Shared environmental factors

Question 3

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is based on three main principles. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 4

Which defense mechanism involves unconsciously attributing one’s own negative qualities to others?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 5

A person who avoids anxiety by transforming an anxiety-provoking emotion into its opposite is using which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Reaction-formation

Question 6

In Freud’s model, which component of personality operates on the pleasure principle?

Accepted Answer

Id

Question 7

Which stage of Freud’s psychosexual development is associated with toilet training?

Accepted Answer

Anal stage

Question 8

Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious refers to:

Accepted Answer

A shared storehouse of memories passed down across generations

Question 9

Which of the following is a major criticism of Freud’s theory?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes shared environment, which is not supported by research

Question 10

According to Carl Rogers, what is the core motive in personality?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Big Five trait of conscientiousness?

Accepted Answer

Being organized, dependable, and disciplined

Question 12

Which model uses factor analysis to identify underlying personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Trait model

Question 13

A structured personality test is most likely to be constructed using which method?

Accepted Answer

Rational/theoretical method

Question 14

Which of the following is a common pitfall in personality assessment?

Accepted Answer

The PT Barnum effect, where people accept vague, high base rate descriptors as accurate

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the Rorschach Inkblot Test is supported by scientific evidence?

Accepted Answer

Its reliability and validity are disputed, with little evidence for detecting mental disorders

Question 16

Which of the following is a key criticism of humanistic approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

They make many non-falsifiable assumptions

Question 17

Which concept is central to social learning theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism

Question 18

A researcher finds that identical twins reared apart have a personality trait correlation of $$r = 0.61$$, while fraternal twins reared together have $$r = 0.27. $$What does this suggest about the trait?

Accepted Answer

The trait is primarily influenced by genetic factors

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a trait in the Big Five model?

Accepted Answer

Honesty-Humility

Question 20

Which defense mechanism is described as turning an inappropriate desire into an appropriate goal?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation

Personality: How We Become Who We Are (Chapter 14 Study Notes)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard