Question 1

According to Gordon Allport, which type of trait is most likely to influence nearly all of a person's behaviors and decisions?

Accepted Answer

Cardinal trait

Question 2

A person who is described as creative, imaginative, and open to new experiences would likely score high on which Big Five personality factor?

Accepted Answer

Openness

Question 3

Which of the following is a unique addition in the HEXACO model compared to the Big Five?

Accepted Answer

Honesty-Humility

Question 4

A student who believes they can master calculus if they work hard is demonstrating which concept from Bandura's social cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Question 5

According to the maturity principle, which personality traits tend to increase as people age?

Accepted Answer

Agreeableness and conscientiousness

Question 6

Which defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 7

A person who is excessively neat, organized, and stingy may be fixated at which of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

Anal stage

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the concept of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

Behavior, cognition, and environment all influence each other.

Question 9

Which personality assessment is most likely to be used in a clinical setting to identify psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)

Question 10

A person who manipulates others for personal gain, lacks empathy, and is highly cynical is most likely high in which Dark Triad trait?

Accepted Answer

Machiavellianism

Question 11

According to research on birth order, which of the following statements is supported by evidence?

Accepted Answer

Birth order has no lasting effect on Big Five personality traits.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key criticism Karen Horney made of Freud’s theory?

Accepted Answer

She believed women's inferiority was due to social status, not anatomy.

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'fixation' in Freud's psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

An adult who smokes and overeats due to unresolved oral stage conflicts

Question 14

Which Big Five trait is most strongly associated with academic and job success?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness

Question 15

A person who is described as 'emotionally stable' would likely score low on which Big Five trait?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of displacement as a defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A worker angry at their boss yells at their partner at home.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the biological approach to personality is supported by twin studies?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins raised apart are as similar as those raised together.

Question 18

According to Carl Rogers, what is necessary for a person to achieve self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between individualist and collectivist cultures in terms of personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Collectivist cultures emphasize group needs and social harmony.

Question 20

A person who enjoys being the center of attention, seeks admiration, and has fragile self-esteem is most likely high in which Dark Triad trait?

Accepted Answer

Narcissism

Personality: Theories, Traits, and Assessment

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