Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of habituation?

Accepted Answer

A person becomes less startled by a loud train that passes by their house every morning.

Question 2

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning model, which of the following is an example of a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Accepted Answer

The sound of a bell that was previously neutral but now causes salivation in a dog.

Question 3

A person who has developed a fear of dogs after being bitten by one as a child now feels anxious around all four-legged animals. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 4

Which of the following best describes Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

Accepted Answer

Behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Question 5

A rat receives a food pellet every third time it presses a lever. This is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student turns off a loud alarm by getting out of bed, increasing the likelihood they will get up when the alarm sounds in the future.

Question 7

According to Tolman’s research on latent learning, which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Learning can occur without immediate reinforcement and may not be demonstrated until there is motivation to do so.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift?

Accepted Answer

A raccoon trained to deposit coins in a box begins to rub them together instead, reverting to natural food-washing behavior.

Question 9

Which statement about learning styles is supported by scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Matching teaching methods to a student’s preferred learning style does not significantly improve learning outcomes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the paradox of memory?

Accepted Answer

Our memories are surprisingly good in some situations and surprisingly poor in others.

Question 11

According to the serial position effect, which items in a list are most likely to be remembered?

Accepted Answer

The first and last items

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of elaborative rehearsal?

Accepted Answer

Relating new information to something you already know to help remember it.

Question 13

Which of the following best illustrates the method of loci mnemonic technique?

Accepted Answer

Imagining placing items to remember along a familiar route in your house.

Question 14

Which brain structure is most critical for the formation of new explicit long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 15

A person who cannot form new memories after a head injury is experiencing which type of amnesia?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

A vivid, detailed memory of an emotionally significant event.

Question 17

According to discrete emotions theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

There are a small number of primary emotions that are biologically based and universal.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Paul Ekman’s seven primary emotions?

Accepted Answer

Jealousy

Question 19

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be satisfied before esteem needs can be addressed?

Accepted Answer

Belongingness and love needs

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why eyewitness testimony can be unreliable?

Accepted Answer

Memories can be influenced by misleading post-event information, leading to false recollections.

PSYC 104 Exam 3 Study Guide: Learning, Memory, and Emotion & Motivation

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