Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'social referencing' in infants?

Accepted Answer

Infants intentionally seek information about others' feelings to help explain uncertain circumstances.

Question 2

According to the Ainsworth Strange Situation, which attachment pattern is characterized by infants who use their mother as a secure base and are easily comforted upon her return?

Accepted Answer

Securely attached

Question 3

Which researcher is most closely associated with the idea that attachment is based on an infant's need for safety and security, and is genetically determined?

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby

Question 4

An infant who shows inconsistent, contradictory, and confused behavior during the Strange Situation is demonstrating which attachment pattern?

Accepted Answer

Disorganized-disoriented

Question 5

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'goodness-of-fit' in temperament?

Accepted Answer

A child with a high activity level thrives in an environment that allows for frequent movement and exploration.

Question 6

Which stage in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development occurs from birth to 18 months and focuses on the infant's sense of trust?

Accepted Answer

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension of temperament in infants?

Accepted Answer

Level of intelligence

Question 8

A parent notices that their infant becomes distressed when they leave the room, but calms down quickly upon return. This behavior is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety

Question 9

Which of the following statements about infant emotional expressions is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Basic facial expressions are similar across cultures.

Question 10

Which scenario best demonstrates the concept of 'mutual regulation model' in infant-parent interaction?

Accepted Answer

A mother responds to her baby's smile by smiling back, and the baby then giggles.

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of high-quality nonparental child care for infants, according to research?

Accepted Answer

It produces only minor differences from home care in most aspects.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of fathers in infant attachment, based on recent research?

Accepted Answer

Fathers can play an important role in attachment, and their involvement is linked to positive outcomes.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of how infants use others' emotions to interpret social situations?

Accepted Answer

An infant hesitates to approach a new toy after seeing their mother look fearful.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key finding about infants' recognition of racial differences?

Accepted Answer

Infants as young as 6 months notice racial differences.

Question 15

Which of the following best defines temperament in infants?

Accepted Answer

Patterns of arousal and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an individual.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world implication of the 'video deficit' effect in early childhood learning?

Accepted Answer

Children under 3 learn better from live social interactions than from videos.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the change in the definition of 'family' in recent years?

Accepted Answer

There is an increasing number of single-parent families and smaller average family size.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct application of the concept of 'attachment' in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A child feels pleasure and comfort from significant adults and uses them as a secure base for exploration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of gender differentiation in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Boys and girls experience at least partially different worlds based on gender roles.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the biological basis of temperament?

Accepted Answer

Temperamental characteristics are inherited traits that are fairly stable during childhood and across the lifespan.

Social and Personality Development in Infancy: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard