Question 1

According to Erikson, what is the primary psychosocial task of middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Resolving the crisis of industry versus inferiority

Question 2

Which of the following best describes Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

Personal, behavioral, and environmental factors all influence each other

Question 3

A child who excels in athletics but struggles academically still feels competent. According to Erikson, this is because:

Accepted Answer

Competence can be achieved in culturally valued domains outside of school

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of Bandura’s model of reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

Genetic Predispositions

Question 5

The Big Five personality traits are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Stable patterns of responding that differ across individuals

Question 6

A child’s belief in their ability to perform a specific task is known as:

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy

Question 7

Which of the following statements about self-esteem in middle childhood is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

High self-esteem in one domain can help balance low global self-esteem

Question 8

According to Susan Harter, what is a key factor influencing a child’s self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

The discrepancy between the ideal self and actual achievements

Question 9

Trait theories of personality in middle childhood emphasize:

Accepted Answer

The origins of individual differences in temperament

Question 10

A child who compares her reading skills to her classmates and feels motivated to improve is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Social comparison

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the psychological self in middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Describing oneself as 'a good friend who helps others'

Question 12

If a child values athletic ability but is not good at sports, what is likely to happen to their self-esteem according to Harter?

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem may decrease due to the discrepancy between value and achievement

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of Bandura’s reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

A child’s shyness leads to fewer social invitations, which in turn makes the child even more withdrawn

Question 14

Which of the following best describes domain-specific self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Self-esteem related to specific areas such as academics or athletics

Question 15

According to psychoanalytic theorists, how do children respond to being disliked by peers or siblings?

Accepted Answer

Children vary in their responses, such as lashing out or withdrawing

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a social-cognitive factor influencing personality development?

Accepted Answer

A child’s belief in their ability to succeed after observing a peer’s success

Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

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