Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of consciousness as presented in Feldman's Essentials of Understanding Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is the awareness of sensations, thoughts, and feelings we are experiencing at a given moment.

Question 2

During which stage of sleep are people least responsive to outside stimulation and most difficult to awaken?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3

Question 3

Which sleep stage is characterized by rapid, low-amplitude brain waves and is considered a transition between wakefulness and sleep?

Accepted Answer

Stage 1

Question 4

What is the primary function of REM sleep according to research cited in Feldman's text?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is when the brain processes and consolidates memories, and most vivid dreams occur.

Question 5

According to the Dreams-for-survival theory, what is the main purpose of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

To process information relevant to daily survival and reconsider everyday concerns.

Question 6

Which theory suggests that dreams are the result of random activation of memories, which are then tied together to form a storyline?

Accepted Answer

Activation-synthesis theory

Question 7

A patient reports feeling more relaxed, having lower heart rate and blood pressure, and experiencing changes in brain-wave patterns after practicing a technique that involves focusing attention on a picture or part of the body. Which psychological concept best explains these effects?

Accepted Answer

Meditation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a recognized use of hypnosis according to Feldman's Essentials of Understanding Psychology?

Accepted Answer

Curing infectious diseases

Question 9

What is the difference between physical and psychological drug dependence?

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence is when the body cannot function normally without the drug, while psychological dependence is when the person believes they need the drug to cope with daily life.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A biological process that occurs regularly on approximately a 24-hour cycle.

Question 11

A person who cycles back and forth between wakefulness and sleep is demonstrating which type of biological process?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm

Question 12

Which sleep disorder is characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 13

According to Feldman, what is one evolutionary perspective on why humans need sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep helps conserve energy at night when food is relatively unavailable.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of sleep related to memory, as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Sleep allows us to forget unnecessary information through reverse learning.

Question 15

A person who is highly susceptible to hypnosis is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Retain awareness and not lose all will, despite apparent compliance.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about psychoactive drugs?

Accepted Answer

They influence emotions, perceptions, and behavior by altering consciousness.

Question 17

If a person experiences a craving and overpowering urge for a drug when it is absent, this is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Physical drug dependence

Question 18

Which of the following physiological changes occur during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing increase; major muscles appear paralyzed.

Question 19

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea

Question 20

A multi-step problem: A college student reports difficulty staying awake during lectures, frequent vivid dreams, and feeling unrefreshed after sleep. Based on Feldman's stages of sleep and sleep disorders, which combination of issues is most likely affecting the student?

Accepted Answer

The student is experiencing narcolepsy and abnormal REM sleep cycles.

States of Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drug Use

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard