Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes learned behaviors from instincts and reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Learned behaviors are acquired through experience, while instincts and reflexes are innate and present at birth.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of learning in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates when it hears a bell because the bell has been repeatedly paired with food.

Question 4

In operant conditioning, what is the main difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of extinction in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The conditioned response decreases when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 6

A child learns to fear all dogs after being bitten by one. This is an example of which process?

Accepted Answer

Generalization

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A student turns off a loud alarm by getting out of bed, increasing the likelihood they will get up when the alarm sounds.

Question 8

Which reinforcement schedule produces the highest rate of responding and is most resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

Variable-ratio schedule

Question 9

In observational learning, which step involves remembering what was observed?

Accepted Answer

Retention

Question 10

Which of the following is a prosocial effect of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to share toys after watching a parent share with others.

Question 11

A person who learns to avoid a certain food after getting sick from it is demonstrating which type of learning?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates discrimination in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A dog salivates only to the sound of a specific bell, not to other similar sounds.

Question 13

If a behavior that was previously extinguished suddenly reappears after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus, this is called:

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Accepted Answer

A child touches a hot stove and feels pain, decreasing the likelihood of touching it again.

Question 15

A teacher gives students a quiz every Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Fixed-interval schedule

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of acquisition in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The initial stage when a neutral stimulus is linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Question 17

A student observes a classmate being rewarded for answering questions and then starts participating more in class. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Observational learning

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of antisocial observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to use aggressive language after hearing adults argue.

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between behavior and reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$$B = f(R)$$

Question 20

A person wants to increase their exercise habits. According to behavior modification principles, which of the following is the best example of using positive reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Rewarding themselves with a favorite snack after each workout.

Study Guide: Learning in Psychology (Chapter 6)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard