Question 1

Which of the following best describes the development of the emotional self in infants?

Accepted Answer

It begins when infants learn to identify changes in emotions expressed by others, typically around 2-3 months.

Question 2

According to research, what is a significant physical risk associated with nonparental care environments for young children?

Accepted Answer

Higher likelihood of being overweight, especially between ages 4-6.

Question 3

Which attachment pattern, as identified by Ainsworth, is characterized by infants who avoid contact with their mothers upon reunion?

Accepted Answer

Insecure/avoidant attachment

Question 4

What is a major challenge in studying the effects of nonparental care on child development?

Accepted Answer

The complexity and variation in nonparental care arrangements make it difficult to generalize findings.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about cortisol levels in infants is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol levels increase from morning to afternoon in infants enrolled in center-based care.

Question 6

How does high-quality day care impact cognitive development, especially for children from poor families?

Accepted Answer

It is associated with significant cognitive benefits, particularly for children from poor families.

Question 7

Which theory suggests that early emotional bonds are the foundation for later personality and social development?

Accepted Answer

Ethological theory

Question 8

What is the 'Look-Listen-Ask' approach recommended for?

Accepted Answer

Assessing the quality of child-care centers.

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the stability of attachment patterns?

Accepted Answer

Attachment phases remain stable as long as circumstances do not change significantly.

Question 10

According to Sandra Scarr, what does the choice of day care arrangement often reflect?

Accepted Answer

The parents’ own characteristics and values.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between temperament and nonparental care?

Accepted Answer

Children with behavioral inhibition may be more sensitive to stresses in certain care-based centers.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key recommendation for parents when evaluating nonparental care situations?

Accepted Answer

Recognize indicators that a particular care situation is stressful for the infant or child.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a basic temperament dimension identified in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Attachment security

Question 14

What is a possible explanation for the association between nonparental care and increased risk of overweight in young children?

Accepted Answer

The cause could lie in nonparental care settings or in other varying factors.

Question 15

Which of the following best summarizes the findings on the effects of nonparental care on cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

The effects are inconsistent; some studies show benefits, others show possible negative effects.

Question 16

Which attachment pattern is most common worldwide according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 17

What is the significance of the first two years of life according to ethological theory?

Accepted Answer

It is a critical period for attachment development.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world implication of the research on nonparental care and cortisol levels?

Accepted Answer

The type and quality of care may influence stress hormone levels, so parents should monitor their child’s response to care.

The Emotional Self and Effects of Nonparental Care in Early Childhood

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