Question 1

Which of the following best describes a 'prototype' in the context of psychological concepts?

Accepted Answer

A mental image or best example of a category that helps in sorting new items.

Question 2

A doctor continues to diagnose patients with a common flu despite new evidence suggesting a rare virus is spreading. Which cognitive bias is the doctor demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Belief perseverance

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Assuming airplane crashes are more common than car accidents because they are more reported in the news.

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'framing' in decision making?

Accepted Answer

A survey asks if you would 'save 90 out of 100 people' versus 'let 10 out of 100 die,' influencing responses.

Question 5

According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which statement is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Language influences the way we think and perceive the world.

Question 6

A child who is not exposed to any language (spoken or signed) before age 7 is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Have difficulty fully mastering any language later in life.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of convergent thinking?

Accepted Answer

Selecting the single best answer to a multiple-choice question.

Question 8

What is the main difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?

Accepted Answer

An algorithm guarantees a solution, while a heuristic is a shortcut that may lead to errors.

Question 9

Which brain area is primarily involved in language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area

Question 10

A person who is bilingual is often better at which cognitive task?

Accepted Answer

Switching attention between different tasks

Question 11

Which of the following best describes 'mental set'?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to approach problems using methods that have worked previously.

Question 12

A person is asked to list as many uses for a brick as possible. This task primarily measures:

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of overconfidence in decision making?

Accepted Answer

A stockbroker believes they can always predict the market, despite frequent mistakes.

Question 14

Which stage of language development is characterized by a child speaking mostly in two-word statements?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech stage

Question 15

Which of the following best illustrates the representativeness heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Assuming someone is a librarian because they are quiet and like to read, despite the low base rate of librarians.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of creativity according to Sternberg?

Accepted Answer

Overconfidence

Question 17

A person is able to mentally rehearse a speech before presenting it. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Using mental images to aid performance

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of phonemes in language?

Accepted Answer

They are the smallest distinctive sound units in language.

Question 19

A person is asked to solve a matchstick problem but fails to see a solution outside the box. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Fixation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why children exposed to less complex language environments may struggle with language development?

Accepted Answer

Environmental variation affects the richness of language input, impacting language acquisition.

Thinking and Language: Foundations of Cognitive Psychology

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