Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'cognitive economy' in human thinking?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to invest as little mental energy as possible in processing information, often by using mental shortcuts.

Question 2

A person judges that a quiet, bookish individual is more likely to be a librarian than a salesperson, despite there being far more salespeople than librarians. Which cognitive bias is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Believing that airplane crashes are more common than car accidents because airplane crashes are more heavily reported in the news.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a level of analysis in language?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive bias

Question 5

A child refers to all four-legged animals as 'dog.' This is an example of which language development phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Overextension

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bilingualism is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Bilingual individuals have heightened metalinguistic insight and often perform better on language tasks.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'functional fixedness'?

Accepted Answer

Being unable to see that a shoe can be used as a hammer in an emergency.

Question 8

According to the 'less is more' theory of language acquisition, why do younger children tend to learn new languages more easily than adults?

Accepted Answer

Their brains are less developed, allowing them to absorb language patterns more efficiently.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between human language and nonhuman animal communication?

Accepted Answer

Human language is arbitrary, generative, and allows for the communication of complex ideas.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Stroop effect, as illustrated in the provided image?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to read words automatically, making it difficult to name the color of the ink when it differs from the word.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of the framing effect in decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Choosing a treatment described as having a '90% survival rate' over one described as having a '10% mortality rate,' even though they are statistically identical.

Question 12

Which theory of language acquisition posits that children are born with an innate ability to understand the structure of language?

Accepted Answer

Nativist theory

Question 13

Which of the following is a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

The word 'unhappy', which contains two morphemes: 'un-' and 'happy'

Question 14

A student is stuck using the same unsuccessful strategy to solve a math problem, even though other methods exist. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Mental set

Question 15

Which of the following statements about reading speed and comprehension is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

As reading speed increases above 400 words per minute, comprehension decreases.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a required skill for learning to read?

Accepted Answer

Knowing the rules of syntax

Question 17

Which model of the mind suggests that our thinking is best understood as simulating our actual experiences, rather than as a computer processing information?

Accepted Answer

Embodied account

Question 18

Which of the following is true about dialects?

Accepted Answer

Dialects use consistent syntax rules, which may differ from mainstream speech.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A heuristic is a mental shortcut that increases efficiency, while an algorithm is a defined series of steps that guarantees a solution.

Thinking, Reasoning, and Language: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard