Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main impact of the Due Process Revolution in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s?

Accepted Answer

It expanded the rights of the accused, making the lack of victims' rights more apparent.

Question 2

According to Nils Christie, what is the main problem with legal professionals handling conflicts?

Accepted Answer

They 'steal' conflicts from those directly involved, making victims 'double losers'.

Question 3

Which of the following organizations was NOT a key group in the US Victim Rights Movement?

Accepted Answer

Citizens United for Safety and Justice

Question 4

What does the 'assembly line' metaphor represent in the context of criminal justice models?

Accepted Answer

The Crime Control Model, prioritizing efficiency and swift processing.

Question 5

In the Canadian context of the 1980s-1990s, what was a major paradox regarding public perception and crime rates?

Accepted Answer

Crime rates were falling, but the public believed they were rising.

Question 6

Which stage in Christie's vision of a victim-oriented legal system focuses on what can be done for the victim, primarily by the offender?

Accepted Answer

Compensation stage

Question 7

What is a key critique of the victim's role in the contemporary criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

Victims are used as mechanisms of social control and may experience secondary victimization.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the 'double bind' faced by victims in the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

Victims must choose between participating in a system that may harm them or avoiding it and receiving no recognition or support.

Question 9

How did the US Victim Rights Movement change the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

It led to institutional changes such as victim impact statements and compensation programs.

Question 10

Which of the following is a challenge identified by Christie regarding the professionalization of conflict resolution?

Accepted Answer

It leads to professional monopolization and reduces community involvement.

Question 11

Restorative justice was intended to address Christie's critique of the criminal justice system. According to Wood & Suzuki (2020), what is a limitation of restorative justice in practice?

Accepted Answer

It often relies on trained facilitators and is embedded within existing justice systems.

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'conflict as property' according to Nils Christie?

Accepted Answer

Conflicts are a resource that can be taken away from those directly involved, often by professionals.

Question 13

Which of the following is a common misconception about the Crime Control Model?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes the presumption of innocence for the accused.

Question 14

In the context of the Canadian Victim Rights Movement, what was a significant demographic characteristic of its members?

Accepted Answer

Primarily white, middle-class, well-educated individuals who had experienced loss.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the crime control model and victims' rights?

Accepted Answer

The crime control model aligns with victims' rights by prioritizing swift processing and closure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key question raised about the future of victim-centred justice?

Accepted Answer

Can any institution, even a restorative one, truly return ownership of conflict to victims and communities?

Victims and Criminal Justice: Movements, Models, and Challenges

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