Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the arachnoid mater in the meninges?

Accepted Answer

It is the middle, web-like layer that contains the subarachnoid space filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Question 2

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is primarily produced by which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

The choroid plexuses in the ventricles

Question 3

A patient suffers a stroke that damages the left cerebral hemisphere. Which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Language skills such as speech and writing

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the pathway of a monosynaptic (stretch) reflex, such as the patellar reflex?

Accepted Answer

A sensory neuron synapses directly with a motor neuron in the spinal cord.

Question 5

Which of the following tracts is responsible for conducting sensory impulses related to fine touch and proprioception to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

Question 6

A patient presents with loss of voluntary movement on the right side of the body. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Left primary motor cortex in the frontal lobe

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers release norepinephrine.

Question 8

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information related to hearing and equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 9

A patient is unable to move their eyes laterally. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

It maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities such as heart rate, body temperature, and hunger.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic fibers in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 12

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which of the following best describes the neural pathway involved?

Accepted Answer

A polysynaptic reflex arc involving sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating skeletal muscle activity and maintaining posture

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

A bundle of axons surrounded by endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium

Question 15

Which of the following statements about memory is correct?

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is formed by repeated stimulation of a neuronal circuit, leading to long-term potentiation.

Question 16

A patient has difficulty swallowing and loss of taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight', while the parasympathetic division promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

The white matter is arranged in funiculi surrounding a core of gray matter.

Question 19

A patient is unable to flex their forearm and has lost sensation in the lateral forearm. Which nerve of the brachial plexus is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why damage to the medulla oblongata is often fatal?

Accepted Answer

It contains cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers essential for life.

Nervous System II: Divisions and Functions of the Nervous System

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