Combine your understanding of solubility and K_sp to explain why calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) is less soluble in seawater compared to freshwater.

Seawater has a lower concentration of ions, decreasing Q and causing dissolution.

Seawater has a higher temperature, increasing K_sp and solubility.

Seawater has a lower temperature, decreasing K_sp and solubility.

Seawater has a higher concentration of ions, increasing Q and causing precipitation.