Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain a solution near a constant pH by resisting large changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 2

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.45 to 7.30. Which chemical reaction is most likely to occur to restore normal pH?

Accepted Answer

HCO3^- + H^+ \rightarrow H2CO3

Question 3

Which statement about the Na^+/K^+ pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat slowly.

Question 5

A solution with a pH of 5 has how many times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

100 times

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails away from water.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two long chains forming a double helix, with bases paired by hydrogen bonds.

Question 8

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell.

Question 9

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions, communication, and muscle contraction

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an anabolic (synthesis) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A + B \rightarrow AB

Question 12

Which of the following is true about hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis uses water to break polymers into smaller subunits.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a monomer and its polymer?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide - polysaccharide

Question 14

A mutation causes a change in the number of protons in a carbon atom. What is the result?

Accepted Answer

The atom becomes a different element.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about isotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

They have the same concentration of solute as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a barrier between the extracellular fluid and cytosol, controlling movement of substances.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of loss of cell cycle control?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division leading to tumor formation.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about RNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of polar solutes across the membrane via protein channels, without energy input.

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

They always contain hydrogen bonded to carbon.

Anatomy & Physiology: Chemical and Cellular Levels of Organization

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