Question 1

Which of the following best describes the tissue types composing the epidermis and dermis of the skin?

Accepted Answer

The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium, while the dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Question 2

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continual production of new keratinocytes, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; it provides cells for regeneration and anchors the epidermis to the dermis.

Question 3

Which of the following factors does NOT normally contribute to skin color?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fiber density in the dermis

Question 4

A patient presents with a blocked sebaceous gland resulting in acne. Which of the following best describes the difference between sebaceous (oil) and eccrine (sweat) glands?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum into hair follicles, while eccrine glands secrete watery sweat directly onto the skin surface.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why serious burns are life threatening?

Accepted Answer

They cause loss of the skin barrier, leading to dehydration and increased risk of infection.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle in relation to the hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to cause the hair to stand upright, aiding in thermoregulation and emotional response.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, while spongy bone is porous and found mainly at the ends of long bones.

Question 9

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Sternum

Question 10

A 70-year-old woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Which condition most likely contributed to her injury, and what is a common prevention strategy?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis; prevention includes weight-bearing exercise and adequate calcium/vitamin D intake.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

They act as shock absorbers and allow flexibility in the vertebral column.

Question 12

Which vertebral region is most commonly affected by whiplash injuries?

Accepted Answer

Cervical

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation).

Question 14

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of thoracic vertebrae compared to cervical and lumbar vertebrae?

Accepted Answer

Presence of facets for rib articulation

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass, formation, and resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta M = F - R$$

Question 16

A forensic anthropologist is examining a skeleton to estimate age. Which anatomical feature is most useful for determining whether bone growth has ceased?

Accepted Answer

The closure of the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It serves as an attachment site for tendons and ligaments and contains osteogenic cells for bone growth and repair.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between the cranium and the facial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

The cranium protects the brain, while the facial skeleton forms the framework of the face.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of articular cartilage found at the ends of long bones?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction and absorbs shock at synovial joints.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to help regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Sweat glands increase secretion and dermal blood vessels dilate, promoting heat loss through evaporation and radiation.

Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2 Study Guide: Integumentary, Bones & Skeletal System

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