$$\text{Number of neutrons} = \text{Mass number} - \text{Atomic number}$$

$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic equilibrium maintained by negative and positive feedback loops.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?

Accepted Answer

Inability to respond to stimuli

Question 5

Given the atomic number of sodium is 11, how many electrons are present in a neutral sodium atom?

Accepted Answer

11

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Question 7

Which of the following is a major function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number, mass number, and neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{Mass number} - 	ext{Atomic number}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Stearic acid

Question 10

A chemical reaction in the body that breaks down glycogen into glucose is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Catabolic and exergonic

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as the primary energy currency for cellular processes.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bond commonly found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Metallic bond

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with solutes.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the pH of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[	ext{H}^+]$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a polymer made from amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Quinary

Question 19

A patient is unable to maintain normal blood glucose levels after a meal. Which feedback mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback involving insulin secretion

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of organization from smallest to largest in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Anatomy & Physiology: Introduction and Chemistry of Life Study Notes

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