$$\text{Hematocrit} = \dfrac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Accepted Answer

Producing hormones for metabolic control

Question 2

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 3

If a patient has a hematocrit of 60%, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

60% of their blood volume is erythrocytes

Question 4

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 5

A patient with liver disease is likely to have problems with blood clotting because:

Accepted Answer

The liver produces most plasma proteins, including clotting factors

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

Enhances erythropoiesis in red bone marrow

Question 7

During erythropoiesis, which cell type is the immediate precursor to a mature erythrocyte?

Accepted Answer

Reticulocyte

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of abusing artificial EPO in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Increased hematocrit, risk of stroke and heart failure

Question 9

A patient presents with spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels and a low platelet count. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 10

Which leukocyte is most abundant in normal blood and acts as an active phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the transport of carbon dioxide in blood?

Accepted Answer

It is mostly dissolved as bicarbonate ion $$\mathrm{HCO}_3^-$$

Question 12

A patient with sickle-cell anemia has abnormal hemoglobin. What is the primary consequence of this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Reduced ability to transport oxygen

Question 13

Which step in hemostasis involves the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 14

A patient receives a mismatched blood transfusion. What is the most immediate risk?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and lysis of donor RBCs

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \dfrac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of the extrinsic pathway in blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Activation of tissue factor (factor III)

Question 17

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rh- mother, Rh+ fetus, second pregnancy

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plasma is important for blood volume regulation?

Accepted Answer

Plasma is mostly water, which helps maintain fluid balance

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the life cycle of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They are removed by macrophages in the spleen and liver

Question 20

A patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Bodywide clotting and subsequent hemorrhages

Blood: Structure, Functions, and Components

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