Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It collects, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may undergo lysis.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the movement of molecules during simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{high} \rightarrow C_{low}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell.

Question 5

Phospholipids in the cell membrane arrange themselves so that:

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face the watery environment, and hydrophobic tails face inward.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A carrier protein in the cell membrane is most likely to transport substances by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to a specific molecule and changing shape to move it across the membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between tight junctions and gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions prevent leakage of extracellular fluid, while gap junctions allow communication between cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 10

Which equation represents the concentration gradient for diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta C = C_{outside} - C_{inside}$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about channel proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

They allow specific molecules to pass through the membrane by forming a pore.

Question 12

Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying drugs and poisons in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Giving the cell shape and holding organelles in place

Question 15

Which type of endocytosis is responsible for bringing large solid particles into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves substances down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 18

Which equation best represents the energy requirement for active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Active Transport} + 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{Molecule Movement}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nonpolar region of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic and made of lipid tails.

Question 20

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink due to water loss.

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cell Junctions: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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