Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The function of a body part depends on its structural form.

Question 2

A patient presents with a homeostatic imbalance resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. Which feedback mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback mechanism regulating blood glucose via insulin

Question 3

Which directional term best describes the position of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 4

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of serous membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs by secreting fluid.

Question 6

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water leaving the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (combination) chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 9

A person is standing in the anatomical position. Which term describes the position of the palms?

Accepted Answer

Facing forward

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 12

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 13

A patient has a deficiency in calcium ($$Ca^{2+}) $$ions. Which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is energy of motion; potential energy is stored energy available to do work.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in another molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 18

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 19

A solution has a pH of 2. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP ($$\mathrm{ATP}) in $$cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes.

Chapter 1: The Human Body – An Orientation & Basic Chemistry

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