$$\mathrm{Blood\ Volume\ (L) = 0.075 \times Body\ Weight\ (kg)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is a primary function of blood in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a reserve for bicarbonate ions $$\mathrm{($$HCO_3$$^-)} to $$buffer blood pH

Question 2

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of blood vessel occlusion and organ infarct

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining blood osmotic (oncotic) pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A patient with pernicious anemia is most likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Macrocytic, normochromic erythrocytes

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

Increases stem cell division and accelerates hemoglobin synthesis

Question 6

During the coagulation phase, which factor initiates the extrinsic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Factor III (Tissue Factor)

Question 7

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but has type A blood. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis of transfused erythrocytes

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is advantageous for the fetus?

Accepted Answer

HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen, allowing the fetus to extract oxygen from maternal blood

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct formula for estimating blood volume in liters based on body weight in kilograms?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Blood\ Volume\ (L) = 0.075 	imes Body\ Weight\ (kg)}$$

Question 10

Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for defense against multicellular parasites and increases during allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 11

A patient with chronic liver disease develops a bleeding disorder. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Impaired synthesis of plasma proteins, including clotting factors

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in erythrocyte turnover?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is broken down, iron is stored as ferritin, bilirubin is excreted in urine and feces

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of regular aerobic exercise on blood volume and oxygen delivery?

Accepted Answer

Plasma volume expands rapidly, followed by slower erythrocyte volume expansion, increasing $$\mathrm{VO_{2max}}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a mechanism that limits the growth of a platelet plug during hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells

Question 15

A patient with hemophilia A is deficient in which clotting factor?

Accepted Answer

Factor VIII

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin and dissolves the clot

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood has neither A nor B antibodies in plasma

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

Initiated by exposure of blood to negatively charged surfaces such as collagen

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of blood stasis in a bedridden patient?

Accepted Answer

Local accumulation of pro-coagulants and thrombin, increasing risk of thrombosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Form temporary plugs, secrete vasoconstrictors and clotting factors, and contract after clot formation

Chapter 19: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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