$$M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between matter and energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space, while energy is the capacity to do work or put matter into motion.

Question 2

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which property of water makes it the most effective solvent for rehydration therapy?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve a wide variety of solutes.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about the atomic structure of sodium (Na)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons in its neutral state.

Question 4

Which equation correctly expresses the molarity (M) of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the formation of charged ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

A solution contains 80 mg/dL of glucose. What does 'mg/dL' represent in this context?

Accepted Answer

Milligrams of glucose per deciliter of solution

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Their valence shells are complete, so they do not need to gain, lose, or share electrons.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining together to form a protein molecule

Question 9

Which statement about colloids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures where particles do not settle out and can undergo sol-gel transformations.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they lose electrons.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the electron shells of atoms?

Accepted Answer

The first shell can hold up to 2 electrons, the second up to 8, and the third up to 18.

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak attractions between electropositive hydrogen and electronegative atoms.

Question 13

A blood sample is left to stand in a test tube. Over time, the blood cells settle out. This is an example of which type of mixture?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct representation of Avogadro's number?

Accepted Answer

$$6.02 	imes 10$$^{23}$$

Question 15

Which of the following statements about chemical reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions absorb energy.

Question 16

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing temperature

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

AB $$\rightarrow A + B$$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about enzymes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, increasing the rate of reactions without being consumed.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms, resulting in a molecule with partial charges.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mixtures and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures always have fixed ratios of components, while compounds do not.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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