Question 1

Which type of chemical bond is found in a water molecule, and what property does this bond impart to water?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond; allows water to dissolve many substances

Question 2

What is the effect of adding hydrogen ions ($$\mathrm{H^+}) to a $$solution on its pH?

Accepted Answer

It will lower the pH

Question 3

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel (crenate) due to water loss

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates transport and communication with the environment

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell, and what molecule does it primarily produce?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport polar or charged molecules

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze reactions

Question 8

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in, both against their concentration gradients. This process is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 9

Which cellular process involves the engulfment of large particles such as bacteria by certain immune cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for export

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane according to the fluid mosaic model?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic phospholipid bilayer with proteins that move and change arrangement

Question 12

During osmosis in human cells, water moves:

Accepted Answer

From an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Question 13

Which cellular organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and swell

Question 15

Which process describes the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy input?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 16

Which of the following is true about selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The cell controls which molecules enter or leave, maintaining internal balance

Question 17

Which organelle contains its own DNA and is involved in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

What is the role of carrier proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They transport specific solutes across the membrane

Question 19

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 20

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is isotonic to their blood cells. What effect will this have on the cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will maintain their normal shape and volume

Chemical Bonds, Water, and pH in Anatomy & Physiology

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