Question 1

Which of the following best explains why chemistry is fundamental to the study of Anatomy & Physiology?

Accepted Answer

Because all physiological processes involve chemical reactions between substances in the body.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids joining together to form a protein.

Question 3

A patient is given a radioisotope for imaging. Which property of radioisotopes makes them useful for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

They emit radiation as they decay, which can be detected by imaging equipment.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a colloid found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol, which has sol-gel transformation properties.

Question 5

If an atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$17 + 18 = 35$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about mixtures and compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical means to separate their components.

Question 7

A solution is made by dissolving 10 grams of salt in 100 mL of water. In this example, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

Accepted Answer

Salt is the solute; water is the solvent.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 9

Which factor would most likely increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature, which raises the kinetic energy of particles.

Question 10

During cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of water due to hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension that allows small insects to walk on water.

Question 12

A patient has a blood sample that separates into two layers after standing. What type of mixture is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Suspension

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about catalysts in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Question 15

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 16

Which of the following is a trace element essential for metabolic reactions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 17

If a neutral atom of sodium (Na) loses one electron, what is the resulting charge and what is this particle called?

Accepted Answer

It becomes a cation with a charge of $$+1.$$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why helium (He) is chemically inert?

Accepted Answer

Its outermost electron shell is full, making it stable and unreactive.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an exchange (displacement) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

ATP transferring a phosphate group to glucose to form glucose-phosphate and ADP.

Question 20

A scientist is studying the effect of particle size on reaction rate. According to the principles discussed, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Smaller particles move faster and increase the frequency and force of collisions, thus increasing the reaction rate.

Chemistry Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Energy, and Elements

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