Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts at specific locations determined by axon pathways, while the endocrine system acts at diffuse locations where blood reaches.

Question 2

A hormone is released into the bloodstream and affects distant target cells. Which type of chemical messenger is this?

Accepted Answer

Hormone

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to membrane receptors and act through second messengers such as $$cAMP.$$

Question 4

A patient is experiencing symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, including abnormal fat distribution and high blood glucose. Which hormone is most likely in excess?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of hormone half-life?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences activation of a target cell by a hormone?

Accepted Answer

Rate of hormone synthesis in the liver

Question 7

A patient with low blood calcium is likely to have increased secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 8

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for the regulation of most hormones in the body?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the kidney tubules to reabsorb water, thus reducing urine output?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of hormone synergism?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine together produce a greater increase in heart rate than either alone.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about lipid-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors and directly activate gene transcription.

Question 14

A patient with diabetes mellitus is unable to regulate blood glucose levels. Which two hormones are primarily involved in this regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon

Question 15

Which of the following correctly matches the hormone with its gland of origin?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone — Adrenal cortex

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin lowers blood glucose while glucagon raises it.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates protein synthesis and increases fat breakdown

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why only certain cells respond to a specific hormone?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with the appropriate receptor for the hormone can respond.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the cAMP second messenger pathway?

Accepted Answer

Hormone binds receptor → G protein activated → Adenylate cyclase activated → cAMP produced → Protein kinases activated

Question 20

Which of the following organs is NOT considered a major endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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