The solution is acidic, with $$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ M.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the study of function; form fits function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. Which body cavity and membrane are directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Ventral body cavity; pleural serous membrane

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials.

Question 4

A molecule of oxygen ($$O_2) is $$shared equally between two atoms. What type of bond is this, and why?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond, because electrons are shared equally.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence for a negative feedback mechanism in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus $$\rightarrow$$ receptor $$\rightarrow$$ control center $$\rightarrow$$ effector $$\rightarrow$$ response

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. What does this indicate about the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic, with $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule and forms hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules.

Question 9

During aerobic cellular respiration, which process directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 10

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of carrier proteins in the cell membrane. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, forming a bilayer that is selectively permeable.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP can be used directly by enzymes to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 14

A scientist is studying a cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following is most likely true about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a prokaryotic cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pump moving $$Na^+$$ out and $$K^+ in $$against their concentration gradients

Question 17

A protein loses its three-dimensional shape due to high temperature. What is this process called, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein loses its function.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in water's emergent properties?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds allow water to have high cohesion, high specific heat, and make ice less dense than liquid water.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is this, and what process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; osmosis

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