Question 1

Which of the following elements is essential for the breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 3. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	imes 10$$^{-3}$$ M

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Atoms share electrons equally or unequally

Question 4

Why does salt (NaCl) dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Water's polar nature attracts and separates Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-$$ ions

Question 5

Which of the following compounds would most likely dissolve in fat (a nonpolar solvent)?

Accepted Answer

Butane

Question 6

What is the major function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Temporary energy source

Question 7

Which type of chemical reaction is generally exergonic (releases energy)?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Question 8

A buffer system in the blood helps maintain pH by:

Accepted Answer

Binding or releasing hydrogen ions as needed

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct general equation for the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat of vaporization, helping regulate body temperature

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

Required for muscle contraction and blood clotting

Question 12

A solution with a pH of 2 has how many times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4?

Accepted Answer

100 times more

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why proteins generally dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are polar and water is polar

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct general equation for the dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major element found in all carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in blood?

Accepted Answer

Buffers keep the pH of blood within a narrow range by neutralizing excess acids or bases

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct equation for the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3 \leftrightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between polar molecules such as water

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that is essential for regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Foundations of Chemistry in Anatomy & Physiology: Atoms, Elements, Bonds, Water, and pH

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