Question 1

Which statement best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, and physiology is the study of how those parts function.

Question 2

Which of the following best illustrates the concept that 'all physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures'?

Accepted Answer

The heart pumps blood because its muscular walls contract rhythmically.

Question 3

A patient is experiencing difficulty regulating their body temperature. Which homeostatic control mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting cascade

Question 5

If the pH of blood drops below the normal set point, which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions to raise blood pH.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+]$$?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10} [H^+]$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulus

Question 8

A person is lying face up on an examination table. What is the anatomical term for this position?

Accepted Answer

Supine

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of serous fluid?

Accepted Answer

It reduces friction between organs and body cavities.

Question 10

Which sectional plane divides the body into right and left portions?

Accepted Answer

Sagittal plane

Question 11

A patient has a tumor located in the retroperitoneal space. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Kidney

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin and glucagon

Question 13

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing metabolic waste from the body?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 14

Which anatomical landmark is located on the anterior surface of the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Antecubital

Question 15

Which of the following best describes homeostatic imbalance in aging?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ability to maintain stable internal conditions

Question 16

Which cavity contains the heart and is surrounded by the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Pericardial cavity

Question 17

A patient is experiencing rapid breathing and a drop in blood pH. Which equation best explains the relationship between carbon dioxide and pH?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-$$

Question 18

Which organ is NOT located within the mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 19

Which of the following best describes dynamic constancy?

Accepted Answer

The ability of the body to maintain variables within a range around a set point despite external changes.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of anatomical directional terminology?

Accepted Answer

The wrist is distal to the elbow.

Ch 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Core Concepts and Terminology

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