$$\text{Error signal} = \text{Actual value} - \text{Set point}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which organ acts as the integrating center for body temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 3

A patient’s blood glucose is measured at 130 mg/dL. According to the diagnostic criteria, this value indicates:

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a regulated variable in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Hair color

Question 5

Negative feedback is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A process that reverses a change in a regulated variable to maintain homeostasis.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth (labor contractions)

Question 7

A person with a fasting blood glucose of 110 mg/dL would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Pre-diabetic

Question 8

Which receptor type detects changes in blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptors

Question 9

In the negative feedback loop regulating blood glucose, which cells act as the integrating center?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells of the pancreas

Question 10

Which of the following treatments for diabetes mellitus works by stimulating pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin?

Accepted Answer

Sulfonylureas and meglitinides

Question 11

A patient presents with dehydration, fatigue, and microvascular complications in the eyes and kidneys. Which condition is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of an error signal in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Error signal} = 	ext{Actual value} - 	ext{Set point}$$

Question 13

Gestational diabetes is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A subclass of type 2 diabetes that affects pregnant women and may lead to type 2 diabetes post-pregnancy.

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of disruption of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Disease and potentially death

Question 15

Which of the following statements about positive feedback is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It amplifies the original change and is not a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis.

Question 16

A patient’s oral glucose tolerance test result is 160 mg/dL. According to the criteria, this patient is:

Accepted Answer

Pre-diabetic

Question 17

Which hormone is deficient in diabetes mellitus type 1?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 18

Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Neuropathy

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why negative feedback is self-correcting?

Accepted Answer

It reverses deviations from the set point, reducing the error signal over time.

Question 20

Which of the following drugs enhances the effects of insulin and decreases liver glucose production?

Accepted Answer

Thiazolidinediones

Introduction to Human Physiology: Homeostasis and Feedback Mechanisms

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