Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

They filter lymph and activate the immune system.

Question 2

A patient has a blockage in the thoracic duct. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lymph from the left side of the body and both lower limbs will accumulate.

Question 3

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for producing antibodies during the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 4

Which process involves the movement of leukocytes out of the capillaries and into the tissues during inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis

Question 5

A child is born without a thymus. Which aspect of their immune system will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maturation of T cells

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can pass through cell membranes while peptide hormones cannot?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through the lipid bilayer.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone; stimulates osteoclast activity to release calcium from bone

Question 8

A patient with Graves’ disease is likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms due to excessive thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss, heat intolerance, and increased heart rate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for insulin in regulating blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells and storage as glycogen.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of passive, artificially acquired humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving an injection of immune serum (antibodies)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They coat pathogens to enhance phagocytosis by immune cells.

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the concept of hormone antagonism?

Accepted Answer

One hormone opposes the action of another hormone.

Question 14

A patient is unable to produce antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Excessive urination and dehydration

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory chemical release → Vasodilation → Increased vascular permeability → Mobilization of phagocytes

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Positive selection ensures T cells can recognize MHC; negative selection eliminates T cells that bind self-antigen.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the spleen’s red pulp?

Accepted Answer

Removal of old or damaged red blood cells from circulation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary.

Question 19

A patient receives a vaccine containing inactivated virus particles. Which type of immunity is being stimulated?

Accepted Answer

Active, artificially acquired humoral immunity

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus experiences hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Their beta cells do not produce insulin, so glucose cannot enter most cells.

Lymphatic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: Study Guide

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