Question 1

A patient is experiencing frequent urination and excessive thirst. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which of the following best explains the physiological role of ADH in the body?

Accepted Answer

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output.

Question 2

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 3

A patient with an underactive thyroid gland is likely to have low levels of which hormone, and what is a common symptom associated with this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine; fatigue and weight gain

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

A child is diagnosed with gigantism, a condition characterized by excessive growth. Which hormone is most likely elevated in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 7

A patient presents with high blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 8

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 9

A patient with Addison's disease has low levels of aldosterone. What is a likely consequence of this deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to low blood pressure

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 11

A patient is experiencing symptoms of stress, such as increased heart rate and elevated blood glucose. Which hormone, released from the adrenal medulla, is primarily responsible for these effects?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 12

Which hormone is essential for the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Thymosin

Question 13

A patient has low levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood calcium levels

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 15

A patient is found to have elevated levels of cortisol. Which of the following is a likely effect of this hormone?

Accepted Answer

Increased gluconeogenesis and suppression of the immune response

Question 16

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

A patient is given a synthetic form of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which of the following is the expected physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland

Question 18

A person is exposed to a stressful situation. Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary to stimulate the adrenal cortex as part of the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose and acts to decrease blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 20

A patient with a tumor in the pineal gland may experience disruptions in which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Sleep-wake cycle regulation

Major Endocrine Hormones: Sources, Targets, and Effects

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