Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It oversees vital involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.

Question 2

In a visceral reflex arc, which sequence correctly describes the flow of information?

Accepted Answer

Sensory signal → CNS integration → Motor impulse → Autonomic ganglion → Target organ

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is released at the synapse between a preganglionic and postganglionic neuron in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 4

A patient is given a drug that blocks beta-1 ($$\$$beta_1$$) adrenergic receptors. What is the most likely effect on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Decreased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the anatomical organization of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic axons are short and postganglionic axons are long.

Question 6

Which receptor type is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin during sympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1 ($$\$$alpha_1$$) adrenergic receptors

Question 7

During a 'fight or flight' response, which of the following changes occurs in the bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation mediated by $$\$$beta_2$$ adrenergic receptors

Question 8

A patient with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) stands up and experiences dizziness and rapid heart rate. Which physiological mechanism is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Excessive sympathetic activity or sensitivity to norepinephrine

Question 9

Which cranial nerve provides approximately 90% of parasympathetic innervation to the body?

Accepted Answer

Vagus (X)

Question 10

Which of the following effects is produced by activation of muscarinic receptors on sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Increased sweat secretion

Question 11

A drug that acts as a muscarinic antagonist would most likely cause which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Dry mouth and constipation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Most organs receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which usually exert opposite effects.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter and receptor combination is responsible for the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine binding to nicotinic receptors

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of parasympathetic activation on the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of smooth muscle and increased peristalsis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes autonomic tone?

Accepted Answer

A constant amount of activity from each division of the ANS, with different degrees in different organs

Question 16

A patient is prescribed a beta-2 ($$\$$beta_2$$) agonist for asthma. What is the expected physiological effect?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of blocking acetylcholine release at parasympathetic synapses?

Accepted Answer

Decreased saliva secretion and urinary retention

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the effect of yohimbine on the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It blocks $$\$$alpha_2$$ receptors, causing increased sympathetic activity and metabolic rate.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pupil?

Accepted Answer

It causes constriction of the pupil to allow less light in.

The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard